Shakil Mohammed

Understanding Welding Procedure pre-WPS, PQR, WPS and its relevant sections in ASME Section IX

7 min read

Welding-Procedure-Inspection.Engineer

Of course, in the field and shop work welding procedure developments, the pre-WPS, WPS of Welding Procedures, and the PQR record of the Procedure Qualification plays the most vital documented instructions that helps to ensure repeatability and quality welds for critical systems.

In fact, the WPS’s and PQR’s serves as standard layouts to produce sound welds in a consistent, efficient, and safe aspect.

Table of contents

What is Pre-WPS?

For instance, let us consider there is no procedure for a weld related to a new material. Therefore, a Pre-WPS or p-WPS has been to define the set of essential, non-essential and if required the supplementary essential variables for testing Procedure Qualification for new production welds.

Meanwhile, pre-WPS developed should consider all relevant documentations from construction drawings to field production requirements that stipulate the base metal, required filler metal, current, backing gas, heat treatment, and test coupon requirements for the test. Moreover, this preliminary procedure may involve multiple coupon welds and needs mechanical testing to ensure they meet all applicable requirements.

In other words, a preliminary WPS helps record all real time data parameters from base metals, current, and heat input requirements. This forms a basis of initial PQR and subsequently, the WPS for the job, after required testing and approvals to the minimum code requirements.

What is a Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)?

A PQR or a procedure qualification record is a document that shows the results of mechanical and NDE tests done by an approved laboratory. To make sure the procedure results in a satisfactory weld, tests needs to be done to code requirements and by an authorized personnel.

Consequently, the purpose of the Procedure Qualification Record is to test the proposed coupon for design and weld joint considerations. Design requirements, for instance, include the mechanical properties and chemical composition of the material at intended pressure and temperature. Moreover, the weld joint parts should meet or exceed the expectations of strength at the intended pressure and temperature.

Unlike WPS, the PQR’s have been limited to the essential variables of the process. Once the procedures have been defined, and accepted by all parties, the respective code has to be referred for for all the essential, non-essential and supplementary essential variables. For instance, for a 6″ piping material with 10mm thickness are limited to range of 1.5mm to 20mm during production. Therefore, multiple welding procedures (WPS) can be created with single procedure qualification provided, diameter range for each welding procedure and other essential variables) are supported by a PQR.

What is a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)?

Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS), specifically, details the parameters of a qualified PQR, and documents the limitations for use in the production welds as per the applicable code requirements.

For that reason, a WPS acts as a guiding document for shop and field for ranges of acceptable production welds. Moreover, a welding procedure is qualified only if a PQR is approved with all test acceptance criteria.

What are the major WPS Standards followed by Industries?

The most widely used standards that have been practiced for preparation of WPS/PQR are listed hereunder, such as:

AWS D1.1 – Structural Steel Welding Standard
AWS D1.3 Sheet metal Welding for thickness less than 5mm
AWS D1.6 –Structural Stainless Steel welding

ASME Section IX – Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

ISO 15614 – International Standard for WPS
BS EN15614 British Standard (similar to ISO 15614)
CSA W47.1 and W59 – Canadian Welding Standards for Welder Qualification

AS/NZS 2980 – Australian Structural welding standard

What’s a WPDS?

Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB) division 1, 2 and 3 companies follow a certain requirement to outline the essential requirement like weld parameters, material, thickness and ranges in a standard format before a Welding procedure test. For this reason, the documents have been noted as WPDS (Welding Procedure Data Sheet), which is a guideline as datasheet to avoid errors.

Whar is a SWPS (Standard Welding Procedure Specifications)?

The American Welding Society, provides set of Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPSs), in other words, pre-qualified welding procedures, that are intents to meet requirements for major codes like AWS Structural Codes (D1.1, D1.2, D1.3, etc.), ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, as guidance welding procedures based on successful weld constructions.

Moreover, these SWPSs are supports relevant Procedure Qualification Records (PQRs) which meet the rules of AWS B2.1 reviewed and approved by WRC Welding Procedures Committee.

Though the SWPS’s saves time, money and expertise they are mostly intent for common materials and process. Hence, they are in use by companies performing welding without a qualification test. Consequently, the manufacturer implementing SWPS’s should record and document their welding experience. This procedure is not applicable in case of impact test requirement.

However, the articles on web suggests use of a standard qualification test rather than a SWPS’s. Because, as there are certain negative impact regarding proper use and understanding the correct requirements before application. Refer Mandatory Appendix E of ASME Section IX for Permitted SWPSs. Meanwhile, the SWPSs have to be purchased from AWS.

Practical Guide to Writing a WPS

A Welding Procedure and the supporting Procedure Qualifications, obviously, represent the basis of satisfactory production welds. Besides, we will see the various sections of WPS/PQR and how they relate as per the ASME BPVC Section IX Standard WPS / PQR format QW-482 / QW-483. 

Breaking down the important aspects of the WPS/PQR

Basic Information on a WPS/PQR

credits: asme.org

Specifically, every section of the PQR requires to be duly filled and recorded as it forms the basis for WPS and subsequent production welds. Therefore, includes the name of testing organization (company), unique PQR and WPS No., the WPS revision, the supporting PQR’s (for WPS), date of tests, the WPS reference, the welding process and type of welding (manual, automatic or semiautomatic).

Know the Welding Data – Essential, non-essential and supplementary essential variables

Essential variables are that variables when changes to certain parameters are in need, a new qualification is mandatory. Non-essential variables, though changes are accepted, must comply with the code limits for acceptance, where there is no need for a new qualification.. When there is a notch toughness test requirement, the supplementary essential variables become an essential variable.

Joint Design and Base Material

The PQR section, QW-402 Joints, defines the exact groove joint design parameters (sketched) like angle, backing, root spacing and thickness used for the procedure qualification test. Details like the number of passes (weld layers) help define a structure approach in welds. The joint variables differ based on the process applied.

credits: asme.org

In contrast, the WPS section, defines the parameter ranges qualified based on the PQR test. 

credits: asme.org

Since the document is for production welds, the WPS format clearly defines the base materials (QW-403), their groups to which they are to be weld with. Material grouping can be verified from table of the ASME Sec IX, QW-422. 

Thickness and Diameter for Qualifications

Likewise, record the exact details of the base coupon. This includes the material, Grade, P-No., thickness, diameter, and the maximum pass thickness to the PQR. Moreover, the specimen thickness qualification limitations is under Table QW-451.1 of ASME Section IX.

Most importantly, the WPS thickness range qualified should relate to the actual thickness welded on the PQR as per Code.

Understanding the parent material grouping P-No.

The WPS/PQR documents should specifically define the base materials (QW-403), their groups to which they are to be welded with.

Besides, the material grouping can be verified from the table of the ASME Sec IX, QW-422. Moreover, the thickness range qualified should be about the actual thickness welded on the PQR.

Filler Metals, the Metal groupings F-No. and Composition groupings A-No.

The filler metals selected should match or exceed the minimum specified Tensile strength properties of the base material. In certain cases, the codes or contract requirements will need additional mechanical properties and should be required to be taken into consideration. Specific tests and evaluations need to be considered in the procedure.

The F-number (QW-404.4) and A-numbers (QW-404.5) are essential variables in a WPS. However, diameter ranges is non-essential (QW 404.6), and can be varied based on heat input.

For F-Numbers Refer QW-432 for Grouping of Electrodes and Welding Rods for Qualification in ASME BPVC Section IX. 

The actual filler metals used based on the specification and classification as per standards  tabled in QW-432, and should be recorded in the PQR.  

The selected filler metals should meet the required pre-heat and inter-pass temperatures.

Commercial names of electrodes and their designations though not essential parameters may serve as information on the type of flux being used or the required heat input data constraints. 

Understand ASME Section II Part C

Especially, the ASME Section MATERIALS Part C Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals. ASME BPVC II.C-2019 specifically mentions the various aspects of the base materials and the compatible filler metal that has to be used for the process.

Moreover, the Specification for Filler Analysis (SFA No.), the AWS classification of Welding Consumables, and the limits for chemical composition and mechanical properties (including capability after PWHT) of consumables have been defined in ASME Part C.

Welding Positions (Flat, Vertical, Horizontal and Overhead)

The position of weld does have its impact as well. The shop floor and field access requirements are some of the aspects that need to be considered before drafting a WPS.. For that reason, most WPS or Welder performance testing (WPQ) define a 6G position. Various limitations considered for the different qualification positions with reference to QW-465 for plates and pipes.

Know the Welding Procedure Parameters

The Current, Voltage, Polarity, Wire Feed, Travel Speed, Heat Input, Torch Angle, Weave Technique, Cleaning Technique, and the Thermal Parameters (Pre-heat, interpass, and post heat treatment) values play a significant part in the PQR and subsequently, the WPS.

Also, refer Article IV welding data, only if mentioned by other articles in the section.

Understanding the Types of Tests Applicable

Various tests with reference to Section QW 141 mechanical tests, like, the Tension Tests (QW-150), Guided Bend Test (QW-160), Fillet-Weld Tests (QW-180), Toughness Tests (QW-171 & QW-172), and Stud-Weld Test (Figures QW-466.4, QW-466.5, and QW-466.6) and macro examination (QW-202.5).

Location Marking and Dimensioning of Test Specimens

Further, the dimensioning requirements to QW-462 Test Specimens shall be followed (unless tolerance limitations are specified) for respective Qualification Tests.

The Acceptance Criteria for Qualification Tests

Meanwhile, a clear understanding of the qualification acceptance criteria applicable for different types of testing needs evaluation with relevant ASME Sections.

  • QW-153 Tension Tests
  • QW-163 Bend Tests
  • QW-171.2 & QW-172.2 Toughness Tests
  • QW-184 Macro Examination
  • QW-191.1.2 Volumetric NDE
  • QW-191.2.2 & QW-191.2.3 Ultrasonic Test
  • QW-192.1.2, QW-192.1.3, QW-192.1.4 & QW-192.2.2 Stud Weld Test
  • QW-193.1.1, QW-193.1.2 & QW-193.1.3  Tube to Tube sheet Test
  • QW-194 Visual Examination.
  • QW-195.2 Liquid Penetrant
  • QW-196 Resistant Welding
  • QW-197.1.2, QW-197.1.3 & QW-197.2.2 Laser Beam Welding (LBW) QW-199 Flash Welding

Field Documentation

Equally important, the procedure specifications (PQR) shall be available for reference, and review at the fabrication site, as per Code.

However, as normal practice, the construction/fabrication sites should document the client’s requirements and as a minimum, the weld map, construction documents, the WPS’s used, and the Material Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is for welding consumables and related products.

Wrapping Up

For a brief understanding of ASME Section IX for welding (QW), the various sections are shared in the article on codes here. Recommended that you purchase the newest edition of ASME Section IX for understanding the criteria and their limitations.

Shakil Mohammed
«
»

Perfecting the ASME Section IX Welder Qualification Test, the…

Shakil Mohammed
Sep 25, 2021 6 min read

The How to Reference Guide on the ASME Section…

Shakil Mohammed
Sep 25, 2021 4 min read

Does it Really Matter: the Types of Weld Joints,…

Shakil Mohammed
Sep 25, 2021 4 min read

271 Replies to “Understanding Welding Procedure pre-WPS, PQR, WPS and its relevant…”

  28. Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information. What side effects can this medication cause?
    https://stromectolst.com/# stromectol 3 mg tablets price
    What side effects can this medication cause? Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side.

  32. Everything what you want to know about pills. Get warning information here.
    ivermectin usa
    Everything what you want to know about pills. drug information and news for professionals and consumers.

  38. drug information and news for professionals and consumers. Comprehensive side effect and adverse reaction information.
    https://stromectolst.com/# stromectol tablet 3 mg
    Long-Term Effects. What side effects can this medication cause?

  49. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe. Get warning information here. https://avodart.science/# can you get avodart without prescription
    drug information and news for professionals and consumers. Read now.

  56. Top 100 Searched Drugs. drug information and news for professionals and consumers.
    get mobic
    Everything information about medication. Cautions.

  95. Top 100 Searched Drugs. Some are medicines that help people when doctors prescribe.
    cures for ed
    Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side. What side effects can this medication cause?

  96. Definitive journal of drugs and therapeutics. All trends of medicament.
    https://clomiphenes.com cost cheap clomid no prescription
    Medscape Drugs & Diseases. Learn about the side effects, dosages, and interactions.

  133. For my thesis, I consulted a lot of information, read your article made me feel a lot, benefited me a lot from it, thank you for your help. Thanks!

  146. п»їMedicament prescribing information. Actual trends of drug.
    tadalafil 5 mg coupon
    safe and effective drugs are available. drug information and news for professionals and consumers.

  150. Everything information about medication. safe and effective drugs are available.
    tadalafil price uk
    Get information now. Learn about the side effects, dosages, and interactions.

  152. Thank you for sharing superb informations. Your web-site is very cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this web site. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for extra articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the info I already searched everywhere and just could not come across. What a perfect web site.

  165. Hi! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to follow you if that would be okay.I’m undoubtedly enjoying your blog and look forward to new posts.I love this!! I am a 16-year-old female I think this article great job!!

  226. I am curious to find out what blog system you happen to be using?
    I’m having some minor security problems with my latest blog
    and I would like to find something more risk-free. Do you have any recommendations?

  241. Reading your article has greatly helped me, and I agree with you. But I still have some questions. Can you help me? I will pay attention to your answer. thank you.

  250. Reading your article helped me a lot and I agree with you. But I still have some doubts, can you clarify for me? I’ll keep an eye out for your answers.

  270. Если бы причиной возникновения невротических
    заболеваний служили только неудовлетворенные желания,
    то человек был бы способен справиться с ними путем реализации этих
    желаний. Но дело обстоит несколько иначе.
    Причиной невроза является противоречие между двумя силами – неприятием больным такого психического явления как
    вытеснение и собственно неудовлетворенностью влечений.
    Что делать если я быстро теряю интерес?

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *